The events at the Palau de la Música, the dynamism of the union movement, the Escarré affair the "We Want Catalan Bishops" campaign, demands from residents' associations, the student movement, the protests raised over the Burgos war council and the cultural revival were all symptoms of change. The dictatorship faced unprecedented opposition and hardened its repressive measures. Civic, student, political and union movements organised in secret or made the most of fissures that opened up. The police became a presence in universities, factories and on the street.