The Catalan language took over some areas of expression. Intellectuals fought to re-establish normality and to build a culture of the masses. Magazines such as Serra d'or and Oriflame or children's publications such as Cavall Fort and Tretzevents were published under the shelter of Church institutions. Others, such as Presència and Tele/estel, were private initiatives. This new momentum also embraced the world of publishing, the plastic arts, the theatre and movements that were seeking to reform education. The formation of the musical group Els Setze Jutges in 1961 marked the birth of the Nova Cançó (New Song).