The new Church directives were spread in Catalonia via the establishment of new seminaries. The clergy was exhorted to conduct themselves in a more zealous, moral manner, although there was strong resistance against this discipline in some monasteries and houses of canons. Even though there were no recorded groups of Protestants in Catalonia, the country's position on the border was seen by Felipe II as a risk. As a result, the repression of any behaviour or opinion considered heterodox was taken to extremes. The measures applied included forbidding study abroad, censoring books and allowing the Inquisition to strengthen its hand.