In the early 11th century, a new aesthetic - the Romanesque - established itself, spreading throughout feudal Europe and unifying pre-Romanesque art. Abbot Oliba was one of the main promoters of the Romanesque in Catalonia. Numerous monasteries, cathedrals and churches were built in keeping with the canons of the new style, which included semicircular apses, barrel vaulting, cruciform columns and Lombard bands decorating the facades. The new language also affected civil and military architecture, as well as other expressions of art, such as murals, paintings on panels, sculpture and precious metalwork.